Pallet Types: A Complete Guide
Not all pallets are created equal. Understanding the differences between stringer pallets, block pallets, and entry configurations helps you choose the right product for your specific application, saving money and improving warehouse efficiency.
Quick Comparison
This side-by-side comparison highlights the key differences between the two primary pallet construction methods: stringer and block.
| Feature | Stringer Pallet | Block Pallet |
|---|---|---|
| Construction | 2-3 parallel stringers | 9 blocks with boards |
| Forklift Entry | Two-way (four-way if notched) | Full four-way |
| Dynamic Load | Moderate (varies by design) | Higher (varies by design) |
| Static Load | Varies by design | Generally higher |
| Weight | Lighter | Heavier |
| Cost | Lower | Higher |
| Repairability | Easy | Moderate |
| Best For | General shipping, retail | Heavy-duty, automated systems |
Pallet Types Explained
Stringer Pallets
Also known as: Two-Way Pallets
Stringer pallets are the most common pallet type in North America. They use two or three long boards (called stringers) running between the top and bottom deck boards to provide structural support. Forklifts access stringer pallets from the two open ends, though notched stringers can allow partial four-way entry for pallet jacks.
Best For: General shipping, warehousing, retail distribution, one-way shipments, and applications where budget is a priority.
Advantages
- •Most affordable pallet type
- •Widely available in recycled inventory
- •Lightweight for lower shipping costs
- •Easy to repair with basic tools
- •Compatible with most conveyor systems
Considerations
- •Limited forklift access (two sides only unless notched)
- •Lower load capacity than block pallets
- •Less durable under heavy racking loads
Block Pallets
Also known as: Four-Way Pallets
Block pallets use a combination of blocks and boards instead of stringers. Nine blocks (four corner, four edge, one center) are positioned between the top and bottom deck boards, creating openings on all four sides for full forklift and pallet jack access. This design distributes weight more evenly and provides superior strength.
Best For: Heavy-duty warehousing, automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS), food and beverage distribution, and applications requiring maximum forklift flexibility.
Advantages
- •True four-way forklift entry
- •Higher load capacity than stringer pallets
- •Better weight distribution across the deck
- •Ideal for automated warehouse systems
- •Longer lifespan with proper maintenance
Considerations
- •Higher initial cost than stringer pallets
- •Heavier weight increases shipping costs
- •More complex to repair
- •Less commonly available in recycled inventory
Two-Way Entry Pallets
Also known as: Standard Access
Two-way entry pallets can only be accessed by forklifts or pallet jacks from two opposite sides. The closed sides feature continuous bottom boards or stringers that block equipment entry. This design is common in stringer pallets and provides a straightforward, cost-effective solution for simple logistics operations.
Best For: Straight-line warehouse operations, truck loading docks, and environments where pallets are always oriented in the same direction.
Advantages
- •Simple, proven design
- •Lower cost to manufacture and repair
- •Sufficient for most linear warehouse layouts
- •Strong structural integrity on the closed sides
Considerations
- •Limited maneuverability in tight spaces
- •Requires more aisle width for forklift turns
- •Not compatible with all racking configurations
Four-Way Entry Pallets
Also known as: Universal Access
Four-way entry pallets allow forklifts and pallet jacks to access the pallet from any of the four sides. All block pallets are four-way by design, and stringer pallets can achieve partial four-way entry through notched stringers. This versatility makes them the preferred choice for high-volume distribution centers.
Best For: High-volume distribution centers, cross-docking facilities, automated warehouses, and any operation where speed and flexibility are critical.
Advantages
- •Maximum operational flexibility
- •Faster loading and unloading times
- •Compatible with all racking systems
- •Reduces aisle width requirements
- •Essential for cross-docking operations
Considerations
- •Slightly higher cost than two-way pallets
- •Notched stringers can reduce structural strength
Reversible vs. Non-Reversible Pallets
Reversible Pallets
Reversible pallets have identical top and bottom decks, meaning either side can face up. This doubles the usable life of the pallet because when one deck surface becomes worn, you simply flip the pallet over and use the other side.
- •Longer lifespan through dual-surface use
- •Provides a flat surface on both sides
- •Popular in beverage and food processing industries
- •Higher initial cost offset by extended usability
Non-Reversible Pallets
Non-reversible pallets have a distinct top deck (with more boards for a solid loading surface) and a bottom deck (with fewer boards, designed to rest on the floor or racking). This is the standard configuration for most pallets.
- •Lower cost due to less material on the bottom deck
- •Lighter weight for reduced shipping costs
- •The most common design in GMA standard pallets
- •Adequate for most shipping and storage applications
The GMA Standard Pallet
The Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) pallet, measuring 48 inches by 40 inches, is the most common pallet size in North America and the default choice for grocery, retail, and general distribution.
GMA pallets are typically stringer pallets with notched stringers for partial four-way entry. They are designed to fit standard trailer widths (two pallets side by side equal 80 inches, fitting a 96-inch trailer with room for airflow). This makes them the most efficient option for domestic trucking.
GMA 48x40 pallets are the most frequent request we pass to partner suppliers. Grade A, Grade B, and new builds are commonly available through suppliers in our network, and heat-treated (ISPM 15) pallets for export can be requested too.
Softwood vs. Hardwood Pallets
The type of wood used in a pallet significantly affects its weight, strength, cost, and lifespan. Here is how the two main categories compare.
Softwood (Pine, Spruce, Fir)
- Most common pallet lumber in North America
- Lighter weight for reduced shipping costs
- Easy to nail, cut, and repair
- Good for standard-duty applications
- Accepts heat treatment well for ISPM-15
- More susceptible to moisture damage over time
Hardwood (Oak, Maple, Ash)
- Superior strength and durability
- Higher weight capacity per board
- More resistant to wear and impact damage
- Ideal for heavy industrial pallets
- Longer lifespan in demanding environments
- Higher cost and heavier shipping weight
Which Should You Choose?
For most applications, softwood pallets provide the best balance of cost and performance. They are the standard in grocery, retail, and general distribution. Hardwood pallets are recommended when you need maximum durability for heavy industrial loads, outdoor storage, or pallets that will be reused over many cycles. Partner suppliers in our network work with both softwood and hardwood, and you can note your preference when you request a quote. Visit our custom pallets page to learn about custom builds through partner suppliers.
Get a Free Quote
Not sure which pallet type is right for you? Tell us about your application and we will pass your request to partner suppliers who can recommend an option and quote it.
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Browse our size guide for standard dimensions, or request a quote and a partner supplier will follow up with recommendations and pricing.